There was no resounding Alleluia Chorus to be heard, the sky did not open up. When I gave my life to Christ it was the fulfillment of the faithful prayers of many others on my behalf. I am a lover of history and of our country privileged to have seen a few other lands and their people grateful for the sight that I have been given on loan blessed by the scenes before me and the vision to see what they may look like at another hour and in another season. Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered.I am a seat-of-the-pants photographer: with not the best of equipment but not the worst either possessing good timing but no stranger to poor with camera gear in tow and at other times without witness to incredible light and often not so there at the right moment and frequently just a few minutes too late.
© 2016 by the American Diabetes Association.
These results demonstrate that early-onset type 1 diabetes has widespread effects on the growth of gray and white matter in children whose blood glucose levels are well within the current treatment guidelines for the management of diabetes. In addition, measures of hyperglycemia and glycemic variation were significantly negatively correlated with the development of surface curvature. For the population with diabetes, the change in the blood glucose level at the time of scan across longitudinal time points was negatively correlated with the change in gray and white matter volumes, suggesting that fluctuating glucose levels in children with diabetes may be associated with corresponding fluctuations in brain volume. Relative to control subjects, children with diabetes had significantly less growth of cortical gray matter volume and cortical surface area and significantly less growth of white matter volume throughout the cortex and cerebellum. For the children with diabetes, the mean (±SD) HbA1c level was 7.9 ± 0.9% (63 ± 9.8 mmol/mol) at both time points. Structural MRI was performed on 141 children with diabetes (4-10 years of age at study entry) and 69 age-matched control subjects at two time points spaced 18 months apart. 11 Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.Įarly-onset type 1 diabetes may affect the developing brain during a critical window of rapid brain maturation.10 Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.9 Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.8 Division of Neurology, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL.Louis, MO Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. 7 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St.6 Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.5 Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St.4 Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.3 Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Nemours Children's Health System, Jacksonville, FL.1 Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 2 Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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